2.The basis of the concept of loudness normalisation is a combination of EBU Technical Recommendation R 128 ‘Loudness normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals’ and Recommendation ITU-R BS.1770 ‘Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level’ .
4.-23.0 LUFS is the new centre of the audio levelling universe!!!
-23.0 LUFS (-8 rel gate)是音频电平基准的宇宙中心!!!
调查和测量显示,实际的广播电台响度电平的平均值大约为-20 LUFS (带有很多极值)。在ITU-R BS.1864 ‘Operational practices for loudness in the international exchange of digital television programmes’的文件中, 建议的目标电平为-24 LUFS ,没有使用门限功能。
11.alignment for sound-programme exchange can be performed as usual, with a sine-wave signal of 1 kHz at a level of -18 dBFS.
The alignment level of -18 dBFS (1 kHz tone) will read as -18 LUFS on a loudness meter with absolute scale (or +5 LU on the relative EBU-mode scale), provided that the 1 kHz tone is present (in phase) on both the left and right channel of a stereo or surround sound signal. If the 1 kHz tone is used only in a single front channel, the loudness meter will read -21 LUFS (or +2 LU on the relative scale).